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NATSEC-TECH THURSDAY: Every Thursday’s edition of Threat Status highlights the intersection between national security and advanced technology, from artificial intelligence to cyber threats and the great power battle for global data dominance.

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Apple CEO Tim Cook is caught in the middle of the high-stakes economic fight between China and the West, as the company is reportedly doubling down on its sizable manufacturing presence in the communist country.

… The Biden administration on Thursday unveiled new artificial intelligence rules for America’s national security and spy agencies. The White House memo lays out new guidelines prohibiting any use of AI that would violate constitutionally protected civil rights or any system that would automate the deployment of nuclear weapons. 

… Clemson University researchers say China is waging a disinformation campaign against Republican Sen. Marco Rubio of Florida.

… NetScout says Russian cyberattackers are targeting Japanese organizations because of the country’s support for increased military alliances led by the U.S.

… Hackers from China, Iran, Russia and potentially other nations can access election systems — but the U.S. government says not to worry.

… Factory workers at Boeing voted Wednesday to continue a six-week strike that has slowed production at the aerospace giant’s production facilities.

… And a foreign gambler is reportedly making bets on Polymarket that will pay out at more than $40 million if former President Donald Trump wins the Nov. 5 election.

Retired NSA director who feared China's election meddling and AI now says they're 'non-issues'

Then-U.S. Cyber Command Commander Gen. Paul Nakasone testifies during a House Select Committee focusing on China on Capitol Hill, Wednesday, Jan. 31, 2024, in Washington. (AP Photo/Mariam Zuhaib) **FILE**

Army Gen. Paul M. Nakasone left his post atop the National Security Agency earlier this year worrying about China’s potential election meddling and artificial intelligence powering deepfakes. But speaking with reporters at the Mayflower Hotel in Washington this week, he said he now believes “both of those issues really are non-issues to me.”

The former head of NSA and U.S. Cyber Command activated those agencies’ Election Security Group last year to stop foreign threats facing the 2024 election.

Gen. Nakasone sounded confident this week that China’s government views meddling in the upcoming presidential election as “too high a risk” to take.

“I think we saw this in ‘22, where it was very specific elections that they would get involved in, but the broad-base influence operations that we’re very familiar with — with regards to Russia or even Iran — that’s not their game,” Gen. Nakasone said of Beijing.

The retired general is closely tracking threats from China and AI from his perch at Vanderbilt University’s new Institute of National Security and his seat on the board of OpenAI. He was in Washington this week to help build a talent pipeline between Vanderbilt’s Nashville campus and Washington’s corridors of military and intelligence power. 

Apple's Tim Cook caught in tug of war between China and the West

Apple CEO Tim Cook walks on the stage during an announcement of new products at Apple headquarters in Cupertino, Calif., Monday, Sept. 9, 2024. (AP Photo/Juliana Yamada) **FILE**

The Chinese government said this week that Apple is committed to its presence in the communist country, despite serious Western concerns about technology supply chains connected to — or perhaps even dependent on — Beijing.

China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said Apple’s CEO met with Minister Jin Zhuanglong on Wednesday to discuss tech development, network data security management and cloud computing.

Mr. Cook said Apple was willing to “continue to increase investment in China,” according to an English-language translation of a post from the ministry on its WeChat account.

Apple did not answer Threat Status’ questions about the meeting, but Mr. Cook has been documenting his jaunt through China on the social media platform Weibo. Mr. Cook posted videos and photos of himself, and said he enjoyed being back in Beijing.

American policymakers are also recruiting Mr. Cook. Former President Donald Trump has made bringing Apple’s massive manufacturing operation back to the U.S. a key 2024 campaign issue.

The former president is also wooing Mr. Cook personally. Mr. Trump told the PBD Podcast last week that he spoke with Mr. Cook shortly before taping the interview, and he believed Mr. Cook was capable of accomplishments that Apple co-founder Steve Jobs could not have matched. And Mr. Trump is preparing to fight European Union regulators targeting Apple over antitrust and other issues.

News Corp. lawsuit alleges AI-generated plagiarism

People are reflected in a window of a hotel at the Davos Promenade in Davos, Switzerland, Jan. 15, 2024. The artificial intelligence startup Perplexity AI has raised tens of millions of dollars from the likes of Jeff Bezos and other prominent tech investors for its mission to rival Google in the business of searching for information. (AP Photo/Markus Schreiber) **FILE**

This week saw the start of what could become a landmark lawsuit, one that pits a top American news organization against a leading artificial intelligence company and could establish new standards for what constitutes plagiarism by chatbots.

News Corp., the publisher behind Dow Jones, the New York Post and The Wall Street Journal, sued Perplexity AI over alleged copyright infringement. In the suit filed Monday, the media giant accused Perplexity of using copyrighted News Corp. content to train its artificial intelligence model. Perplexity’s AI chatbot allegedly reproduces content from News Corp. publications in its responses, sometimes verbatim, and doesn’t credit or link back to the source.

The lawsuit came just a week after The New York Times reportedly sent Perplexity a cease and desist letter demanding that the firm stop using its content for generative AI purposes.

On Wednesday, just two days after the News Corp. lawsuit, Perplexity CEO Aravind Srinivas spoke at a Wall Street Journal Tech Live conference and addressed what he called “the elephant in the room.” He said his company was “surprised” by the lawsuit, as it has tried to have open lines of communication with the news company. 

Intelligence analysts say China, Iran and Russia can access U.S. election systems — but don't worry

Iran, Russia, North Korea and China targeting America's cyberspace illustration by Alexander Hunter/The Washington Times

U.S. intelligence officials declassified a memo this week saying China, Iran, Russia and potentially other cyberattackers have the ability to access America’s election systems.

The intelligence community does not want voters to worry, however, and the National Intelligence Council memo said the community does not think foreign hackers are likely to try to alter the final vote.

“We assess that some U.S. adversaries — at a minimum China, Iran, and Russia or Russian-affiliated actors — have the technical capability to access some U.S. election-related networks and systems,” the declassified memo said. “That said, we assess foreign actors will probably refrain from disruptive attacks that seek to alter vote counts because they almost certainly would not be able to tangibly impact the outcome of the federal election without detection; such activity would carry a risk of retaliation; and there is no indication they attempted such attacks during the past two election cycles.”

What if the foreign hackers’ approach changes in the final two weeks? U.S. intelligence agencies say they have a plan to stop the chaos involving additional warnings that expose the hackers’ plans.

America’s spy agencies favor a “multipronged approach” with warnings to adversaries, alerts to voters, and proactive communication with local officials and law enforcement, officials said.

Events on our radar

• Oct. 25 — The Road Ahead: Israelis and Palestinians One Year After Oct. 7, Center for a New American Security

• Oct. 28-31 — Hereticon, Founders Fund

• Oct. 28 to Nov. 1 — IEEE Military Communications Conference, IEEE

• Nov. 8-10 — IISS Prague Defense Summit 2024, International Institute for Strategic Studies

• Nov. 21 — Competition Policy 2024: Urgent Questions Emerging within Digital Markets, Chatham House

• Nov. 22-24Halifax International Security Forum

• Dec. 7 — 2024 Reagan National Defense Forum, Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation & Institute

Thanks for reading NatSec-Tech Thursdays from Threat Status. Don’t forget to share it with your friends who can sign up here. And listen to our weekly podcast available here or wherever you get your podcasts.

If you’ve got questions, Ben Wolfgang and Ryan Lovelace are here to answer them.