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Welcome to Threat Status. Share it with your friends, who can sign up here. Send tips to National Security Editor Guy Taylor

China imported nearly 1.5 million barrels per day of Iranian oil in April despite U.S. sanctions, according to the latest United Against Nuclear Iran assessment.

…Colombia just broke diplomatic ties with Israel, even though the Colombian military relies on Israeli-built weapons to fight drug cartels and leftist rebel groups.

…One of the roughly 100 Israeli hostages still held by Hamas has died in captivity, while a cease-fire deal remains elusive.

…Trade is expected to top the agenda when Chinese President Xi Jinping begins his first tour of Europe in five years on Monday.

…Defense chiefs from the U.S., Australia, Japan and the Philippines vowed deeper coordination during the second-ever joint meeting this week in Hawaii.

…And pro-Palestinian protests are spreading to Australian university campuses.

Inside the CIA's 'infinite' AI race with China

Surveillance cameras are seen as a visitor looks at Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong, Monday, March 11, 2024. The president of U.S.-funded Radio Free Asia said its Hong Kong bureau has been closed because of safety concerns under a new national security law, deepening concerns about the city’s media freedoms. Bay Fang, the president of RFA, said in a statement Friday March 29, 2024 that it will no longer have full-time staff in Hong Kong, although it would retain its official media registration. (AP Photo/Louise Delmotte, File)

CIA Director William J. Burns has made a giant pivot toward making advanced technology a major intelligence objective as the agency prepares for an “infinite race” with China to achieve dominance over artificial intelligence, according to CIA Chief Technology Officer Nand Mulchandani.

In remarks to the Hill & Valley Forum’s gathering of top technology and government officials in Washington this week, Mr. Mulchandani said the CIA is “all in” on AI for offense, defense and more, and that the agency is building its own large language models — essentially sophisticated algorithms that make generative AI tools work.

“We’re looking at transforming every single part of what the agency does, from operations to the analytic function, support functions and other pieces there,” Mr. Mulchandani said. “We don’t think there’s anything more important than this.” 

He said the agency is working to outcompete China while “fighting across every single one of these emerging tech areas,” which he identified as AI, biotechnology, space technology, quantum technology and telecommunications.

U.S. intel: Greater military coercion by China is coming

Avril Haines, director of National Intelligence, testifies during the Senate Armed Services hearing to examine worldwide threats, Thursday, May 4, 2023, on Capitol Hill in Washington. (AP Photo/Mariam Zuhaib)

China’s leaders are planning for greater instability in relations with the United States, and Chinese military forces are expected to continue aggressive actions in the Asia-Pacific region, according to Director of National Intelligence Avril Haines.

Ms. Haines also warns that Chinese backing of Russia’s defense base is tipping the war in Ukraine in Moscow’s favor, and that China and Russia have pre-positioned malicious software in critical U.S. infrastructure as part of planning for future sabotage.

She made the assertions during the unclassified portion of the Senate Armed Services Committee’s annual threat briefing on Thursday. Top Biden administration officials also released intelligence assessments on Iranian activities and support for Hamas and other proxy groups now engaged in a war with Israel.

Russian FSB probe could nab more senior Kremlin officials

This photo taken and released by Basmanny District Court press service on Wednesday, April 24, 2024, shows Timur Ivanov, Russian deputy Defense Minister, standing in a glass cage in the Basmanny District Court in Moscow, Russia. (Basmanny District Court press service via AP)

A Moscow investigation that landed Russian Deputy Defense Minister Timur Ivanov in jail on bribery charges tied to his role as chief of military procurement is threatening to ensnare other high-ranking Kremlin officials, according to British intelligence. 

Mr. Ivanov, 48, who was arrested April 23, is accused of accepting a bribe of 1 million rubles — about $10,800. A U.K. Defense Intelligence update posted on social media this week said an investigation by Russia’s Federal Security Service, the FSB, has reportedly questioned the more senior First Deputy Defense Minister Ruslan Tsalikov. He is effectively No. 3 in the Russian Defense Ministry hierarchy behind Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu and Gen. Valery Gerasimov, chief of the General Staff.

The bribery investigation also threatens to target Russian Finance Minister Anton Siluanov, the British intelligence assessment said.

Research group used U.S. funds for virus experiments in China lab

A security person moves journalists away from the Wuhan Institute of Virology after a World Health Organization team arrived for a field visit in Wuhan in China's Hubei province on Wednesday, Feb. 3, 2021. The WHO team is investigating the origins of the coronavirus pandemic has visited two disease control centers in the province. (AP Photo/Ng Han Guan)

The virus research group EcoHealth Alliance was engaged in dangerous experimental virus work in Wuhan, China, that was funded by the U.S. federal government, according to a newly released report by the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic.

“EcoHealth used taxpayer dollars to facilitate gain-of-function research on coronaviruses in Wuhan at the [Wuhan Institute of Virology], contrary to previous public statements, including those by [former Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases] Dr. Anthony Fauci,” the report says.

Peter Daszak, president of New York-based EcoHealth, testified this week before the subcommittee upon the release of its report. He faced hostile questioning from Republicans and Democrats over his role in federally funded virus work at the Wuhan Institute of Virology, which is suspected of playing a role in sparking the deadly pandemic. Mr. Daszak denied misleading the government or that his organization conducted risky virus research.

Opinion front: Biden must craft more potent deterrence strategy

U.S. support of Israel, Iran deterrence and national security illustration by Linas Garsys / The Washington Times

The goal of deterrence is to convince enemy decision-makers that an attack would be so unlikely to succeed or would result in such high costs that it is not worth the attempt, writes retired CIA officer and Threat Status contributor Daniel N. Hoffman.

“If our enemies perceive that our overriding goal, as the Biden administration has repeatedly stated, is to avoid escalation, then we risk sliding into a policy of appeasement, where our enemies do not believe we would impose significant costs if they ignored our warnings against action,” argues Mr. Hoffman.

“The stakes could not be higher,” he writes. “The current wars, in which we are only peripherally engaged, already have serious costs. Consider the massive shock to the world economy and our national security in the Pacific if China were to invade Taiwan. The Biden administration should build on the bipartisan consensus, which resulted in badly needed new military aid for Israel, Taiwan and Ukraine, to craft a more potent deterrence strategy.”

U.S. 'cannot ignore' China's coming Fujian aircraft carrier

In this image taken from video footage run by China's CCTV, sailors applaud as China's third aircraft carrier christened Fujian is launched at a dry dock in Shanghai on Friday, June 17, 2022. State media reported that China on Friday launched its third aircraft carrier, the first such ship to be both designed and built entirely within the country. Chinese characters on screen reads "Our country's third aircraft carrier launched into water, named Fujian" (CCTV via AP)

China’s national television, print and social media have released the latest pictures of the country’s third aircraft carrier, the Fujian, which represents “a major step forward in the People’s Liberation Army Navy, or PLAN, expansion and modernization program,” according to retired U.S. Navy Capt. Carl O. Schuster.

While the Fujian is still 10 to 14 months from becoming fully operational, it “reflects a trend that portends a coming challenge that the United States cannot ignore,” Mr. Schuster writes. “Its sea trials and subsequent operations will serve as experiments and a schoolhouse to refine the PLAN’s vision for its aircraft carrier force. …[The Fujian] is expected to have tactical combat capabilities approaching if not equal to those of the latest U.S. Navy aircraft carriers when the first unit enters service before this decade’s end.”

Events on our radar

• May 3 — A new charm offensive? Unpacking Xi’s visit to Europe, Atlantic Council.

• May 3 — After the Vote: Navigating USMCA Trade & Investment in Mexico, Wilson Center.

• May 6 — Launch of Chinese Handcuffs: How China Hijacked the Environmental Agenda, The Heritage Foundation.

• May 7 — Shifting geopolitics in the age of AI: A conversation with Sam Altman, Brookings Institution.

• May 7-8 — AI Expo for National Competitiveness 2024, Special Competitive Studies Project.

• May 9 — The Erosion of Hong Kong’s Autonomy Since 2020: Implications for the United States, Center for Strategic and International Studies.

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